不同品种药用和茶用菊花资源性化学成分评价文献综述

不同品种菊花应用历史、化学成分、生物活性及应用现状常红梅摘要：菊花作为一种常用中药，广泛应用于中医开方和日常饮用，在我国已有3000多年栽培历史，形成了上百种的栽培类型。

现代研究表明其含有多种类型的化学成分，如挥发油类、黄酮类、酚酸类、三萜类、内酯类等，并具有广泛的药理活性，如抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、保护心血管等。

本文对我国药用及茶用菊花的栽培历史、品种变迁、化学成分、生物活性以及开发利用情况进行综述，以期为其进一步开发利用提供参考。

关键词：菊花，栽培历史，品种变迁，化学成分，生物活性，应用现状Application history, chemical constituents and activities of different varieties of Chrysanthemum morifoliumAbstract: As a famous traditional Chinese medicine, Chrysanthemum morifolium is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and daily drinking. It has been cultivated in China for more than 3,000 years and has formed hundreds of cultivars. Modern research revealed that there were many types of chemical constituents in C. morifolium, such as volatile oils, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, lactones, etc., as well as a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, hyperglycemic and cardiovascular protective. Here we review the cultivation history, varieties, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and medicinal and tea utilization of C. morifolium in China in order to provide references for its further development and utilization.Key Words: Chrysanthemum morifolium, cultivation history, breed alteration, chemical constituent, bioactivities, application situations1 .药用菊花的历史及品种变迁1.1 古代药用菊花品种考证中国古籍对菊花的品种、性味、功用等有着较为详细的记载。

菊花始载于秦汉时期的《神农本草经》[1]，汉朝魏晋时期的《名医别录》[2]，南北朝时期《本草经集注》[3]、唐代的及《新修本草》[4]、宋代《本草图经》[5]、明代的《本草品汇精要》[6]、《本草原始》[7]及《本草纲目》[8]、清朝的《本草备要》[9]及《本草求真》[10]等古籍均清楚的记载了菊花品种及产地演变，各个时期菊花的品种及产地见表1。

1.2 近代药用菊花品种考证民国时的《药物出产辨》[11]只收录了菊花品名，但又分为白杭菊、黄杭菊、黄菊、白菊。

分别分布于安徽亳州、河南怀庆、广东潮州、浙江杭州。

《增订伪条辨》[12]中收录了黄菊，书中记载了黄菊(附滁菊、白菊)。

黄菊，即黄色之茶菊，较家菊朵小、心多而色紫。