巴豆蛋白致炎机制研究文献综述

肠道菌群与肠炎的相关性研究摘要炎症性肠病是病因不明的慢性肠道炎症性疾病,可能的病因包括由基因决定的宿主易感性、粘膜免疫和肠道微生态环境三者的相互作用,目前研究较多的是肠道菌群与肠炎发病的关系。

最近的一些研究表明,肠道微生态制剂(包括乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和酵母菌)对实验性结肠炎或人的肠炎可以产生有益影响。

迄今为止尚未发现特异的细菌与肠炎的发病相关,也未发现特征性的肠道菌群的变化，但是一些研究己使用多种方法发现肠炎患者和健康对照者的粪便细菌的不同。

因此，一般认为肠炎的发病涉及遗传、肠菌失调和免疫异常,触发点是肠道内致病菌与正常菌群比例失调。

同时，许多已知的肠炎易感性基因与细菌的识别和加工相关，这与肠道微生物群在肠炎发病机理中的作用一致。

关键词肠炎；肠道菌群；生态平衡；巨噬细胞；免疫AbstractInflammatory bowel disease is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with uncertain etiology.it may possiblely be caused by gene-dependent host susceptibility, mucosal immunity, and intestinal microecological interactions. More current research is the relationship between intestinal flora and enteritis disease. Recent studies have shown that Intestinal microecological agents, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Yeast, are beneficial to experimental colitis or human enteritis. It has not yet been found that specific bacteria are associated with the pathogenesis of enteritis and no changes in characteristic intestinal flora are observed, too. However, some studies have used a variety of methods to identify differences in stool bacteria between enteritis patients and healthy controls. Therefore, it is generally believed that the incidence of enteritis involves genetic, intestinal disorders and immune abnormalities,and the trigger is the imbalance of intestinal pathogens and normal bacteria ratio. Lots of known enteritis susceptibility genes are associated with the identification and processing of bacteria, which is consistent with the role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of enteritis. Key words： Enteritis; Intestinal flora; Ecological balance; Macrophages; Immunization1. 肠道菌群研究背景1.1肠道菌群的介绍：哺乳动物肠道中寄生着一个极其复杂、多样化且庞大的微生物群落，被称为＂肠道菌群＂。

哺乳动物生活在一个遍布微生物的世界，而在生物体中，微生物主要分布在机体与外界相通的腔道内，如肠道、呼吸道和泌尿生殖道及体表，形成了胃肠道、口腔、泌尿和皮肤四个微生态系统。

其中胃肠道中的细菌最为主要和复杂，占机体总微生物量的 78.68%[1-3]。

胃肠道中微生物的生物量达 1kg 以上，种类超过 1000种。