小学教育惩戒实施的影响因素的调查研究——以某班班规的制定与实施为例文献综述

小学教育惩戒实施的影响因素的调查研究综述

——以某班班规的制定与实施为例

摘要：近期，教育部制定并颁布《中小学教育惩戒规则（试行）》，从立法上允许教师实施教育惩戒。教育惩戒是一种有效纠正学生的失范行为，并促使学生引以为戒、认识和改正错误，避免再犯的教育行为，其与奖励同等重要。而班规作为班级管理的常见手段之一，会对教育惩戒的实施带来影响。本文将依次梳理教育惩戒与班规的相关文献研究，并进行简要述评。

关键词：教育惩戒；小学；班规

Abstract: Recently, the Ministry of Education has formulated and promulgated the “Primary and Secondary School Educational Disciplinary Rules (for Trial Implementation)” to legislately allow teachers to implement educational disciplines. Educational discipline is an effective way of correcting studentsrsquo; anomie behaviors, and prompting students to take warning, recognize and correct their mistakes, and avoid recurring educational behaviors. It is as important as rewards. As one of the common methods of class management, class rules will have an impact on the implementation of education punishment. This article will successively sort out the related literature research on education discipline and class rules, and make a brief review.

Keywords: education discipline; primary school; class rules

一、研究背景

研究表明，对于小学生而言，奖励与惩戒使他们了解善恶与是非，赏识促进“扬善”，惩戒促进“抑恶”，共同完善其道德认知与道德标准，强化其道德动机与道德行为^[1]。赏识教育与教育惩戒均有助于他们的社会化发展，两者应当互相补充，促成小学生的全面发展。由此可知，合理实施教育惩戒在教育教学活动中必不可少、无法替代。但在赏识教育与激励教育盛行的教育环境下，教育惩戒的实施备受学生、家长与社会的争议，陷入“惧用”与“滥用”并存的两难困境^[2]。