Translation Strategies of Film Subtitles from the Perspective of Skopos Theory—Taking Hi Mom as an Example 目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译策略分析—以《你好李焕英》为例文献综述

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Hans J. Vermeer, a German linguist and translation scholar, is a representative of German Functionalist Approaches and hi is also best known for establishing Skopos theory. In addition to the above-mentioned Skopos foundation document framework of general translation theory, his published translation works mainly include Aufsaetze zur Translationstheorie, Skopos and commission in translational action, Skopos und Translationsauftrag - Aufsaetze , A Skopos Theory of Translation ：Some Arguments For and Against)、Starting to unask what translatology is about，Didactics of translation.

Before translation was perceived as a functional act, the quality of a translation was assessed based on equivalence and how to faithful the translation was to the source text. Skopos theory is the process of translation determined by the function of the product. Skopostheorie derives from the Greek word skopos, which means aim or purpose. Translation is an action, therefore it has to have a purpose of each translation determined by a commission and a set of instructions given by the requester regarding the translation. This theory is one of the functionalist approaches whose aim is to dethrone the source text(ST). This is done by emphasizing the role of the translator as a creator of the target text(TT) and giving priority to purpose of producing TT.

Many scholars of translation, both domestic and abroad, have made many researchers on application of translation theories on subtitle translation.

Western scholars have been struggling to establish theoretical framework for film translation studies for years. In the west, many translation theories have been applied to the study of film translation, relevance theory, Skopos theory, polysystem perspective of descriptive translation studies and the manipulation of power, and Lefebvres theory and Venutis Adaptation Theory (Gambier, 2008:25). It is commonly acknowledged by many famous scholars that Skopos theory can be applied to translation studies.

The study of Skopos Theory in China mainly includes three ways: review, comment and translation, involving translation criticism, Translation strategies (including literary translation strategies and non literary translation strategies) and translation teaching. The earliest review article is Gui Qiyuans three translators in union Germany in 1987, which introduces some of Vermeers views on translation, but the focus of the article is to introduce translators rather than translation theory, so it has not attracted attention. Until 1980, the relevant discussion and research began to increase. From the research content, most researchers use Skopos theory to guide the translation of applied texts such as publicity materials(Chen, 2013; Liang,2014), tourism texts(Chen, 2012; Xiong, 2013; Wang, 2014), film and television subtitles(Su, 2013; Tang, 2013; Guo, 2015), legal documents(Sun, 2013), business texts(Zhao, 2013; Long, 2015), popular science books(Huang, 2014; Wei, 2014), scientific papers(Kuang, 2014; Yang, 2014; Lu, 2015), news reports(Luo, 2012; Wang, 2014) and product brochures(Xu, 2014). In contrast, there are few articles used in literary text translation. Some have discussed the translation of childrens texts from the perspective of Skopos theory; Some interpret the translation of a work, For example, Chen Siwei (2015) selected the Skopos principle, the core principle of the basic principles of Skopos theory, to evaluate the language of Jane Eyre. The translation course: pragmatism and theory published by Liu Miqing, a Hong Kong scholar, in 2003 penetrated the perspective of Skopos theory into translation teaching and practice, making it an important guiding principle.

Skopos Theory frees translation studies from the bondage of source centrism. This theory holds that translation is a purposeful and fruitful act based on the original text, which must be completed through negotiation, and translation must follow a series of rules, of which the purpose rule is the first. In other words, the translation depends on the purpose of translation. In addition, translation must also follow the 'intralingual coherence rule' and 'interlingual coherence rule'. The former means that the translation must be internally coherent and understandable to the recipient of the translation, and the latter means that there should also be coherence between the translation and the original text. After these three principles are put forward, the criterion for judging translation is no longer 'equivalence', but the adequacy of the translation to achieve the expected goal. Vermeer also put forward the concept of translation Commission, that is, the translator should decide whether, when and how to complete the translation task. In other words, translators should adopt corresponding translation strategies according to different translation purposes, and have the right to decide which contents of the original text can be retained and which need to be adjusted or modified according to the translation purposes.

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